Étiquette : Europe Page 11 of 52

Climate and International Trade: The Clash of Powers

On 19/01/2023

This article is the English version of: Carole Mathieu, « Climat et commerce international : le choc des puissances », published in Politique étrangère, Vol. 86, Issue 3, 2021.

Couverture de la revue Politique Étrangère n° 3/2021, présentant l'article "Climate and International Trade: The Clash of Powers" de Carole Mathieu, sur une image de fond représentant une carte du monde plate entourée de billets de différentes devises.

Since Joe Biden’s election there has been a sense of optimism around international climate negotiations. The hope of finding a multilateral solution will be revived in a few months’ time at the important COP26 summit in Glasgow, which should mark the end of another cycle of amendments to the 2030 commitments. In record time, the United States has not only rejoined the Paris climate agreement, but it has also presented the rest of the world with a plan to reduce its national emissions by 50–52% from their 2005 levels by 2030. That announcement came on April 22, 2021, during a major virtual summit organized by the White House. It was motivated by two goals: to demonstrate the credibility of the United States’ commitment to climate action, and to increase the diplomatic pressure on other large emitters, chief among them China, to follow the same path.
Nevertheless, the figures are not encouraging. In 2020, the restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic caused the biggest drop in CO2 emissions (6%) since the Second World War, but that decline has been reversed since the resumption of trade and activity. Predictions for 2021 suggest a rebound of 5%, reflecting the lack of lasting structural change. To find reasons for hope, we must turn to the evolution of official discourse. At the end of 2019, European countries were more or less the only ones to have promised to achieve climate neutrality by 2050; that goal has now been adopted by two-thirds of the global economy, including the United States and China (by 2060)…

[CITATION] L’élargissement de l’UE et la transformation du continent

de Politique Etrangère

On 18/01/2023

dans Les auteurs s'expriment

Citation de l'article L'élargissement de l'UE et la transformation du continent, de Sébastien Maillard, publié dans politique étrangère n° 4/2022, décembre 2022, p. 108
« [...] D'une réponse à la question allemande, l'intégration européenne est en train de devenir une réponse à la question russe. Les candidatures de l'Ukraine, de la Moldavie et des Balkans ne représentent pas seulement une potentielle extension du marché intérieur européen [...]. Elles charrient aussi avec elles une autre mémoire et une autre perception de la menace, qui peuvent réorienter les politiques européennes. »

Lisez l’article intégral de Sébastien Maillard ici.

Retrouvez le sommaire du numéro 4/2022 de Politique étrangère ici.

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Souveraineté industrielle

de Politique Etrangère

On 16/01/2023

dans Revue des livres

Cette recension a été publiée dans le numéro d’hiver 2022 de Politique étrangère (n° 4/2022).
Norbert Gaillard propose une analyse de l’ouvrage d’Élie Cohen, Souveraineté industrielle, vers un nouveau modèle productif (Odile Jacob, 2022, 240 pages).

Couverture du livre Souveraineté industrielle d'Élie Cohen, sur fond d'immeubles du quartier de La Défense à Paris

Élie Cohen, économiste et directeur de recherche au CNRS, définit la « politique industrielle » comme le soutien spécifique de l’État à un groupe de secteurs ou d’entreprises en vue de préserver l’indépendance nationale, de pallier des défaillances de marché, de contenir le déclin d’activités traditionnelles, de favoriser la spécialisation dans des technologies d’avenir et/ou de veiller à certains équilibres régionaux.

Europe, Power and Finance

de Politique Etrangère

On 05/01/2023

dans PE in english

This article is the English version of : Sylvie Goulard, « L’Europe, la puissance et la finance », published in Politique étrangère, Vol. 86, Issue 2, 2021.

The world is rapidly changing, and Europe is striving to find its place. In the debates over European sovereignty, the issues frequently revolve around diplomacy, defence and occasionally industrial policy, but only rarely finance. The most noteworthy advance in European construction was undoubtedly the single currency, but the European Union (EU) could make much better use of its strengths in the financial area. It took the global financial crisis for common regulatory rules governing finance to be adopted and for their control to be entrusted to European supervisory authorities. Even today, the domestic financial services market remains fragmented and the euro’s geopolitical role unfulfilled. Yet the strategic nature of the financial stakes is evidenced by several factors.

First, financing innovation is essential to remain internationally competitive. The climate transition alone requires massive investments, without which it will be impossible to achieve the target of reducing CO2 emissions to zero by 2050. Bridging the technology gap also requires substantial capital, in this case with a special twist: not only is finance indispensable for innovation, but innovation transforms finance. Tech companies, on the strength of their customer data, are also entering the payments market (e.g. Facebook with its Diem/Libra project).

Alongside these structural changes, cyclical factors also come into play. The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments to provide unprecedented and massive financial support…

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